If warts appear near the anus, it means that human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. Dangerous infection that in the active stage can lead to oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.
What is human papillomavirus
HPV is a common genital infection that causes warts to appear in intimate areas through active cell division. The group of viruses of the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV infects about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus is in a latent form in the body for many years.
. Incubation period
Replication lasts for 3 months when the virus does not appear in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of the immune system. During this period the infection multiplies, damaging healthy tissue. Young women's immunity goes away on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20% the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Ways of infection
In women, human papillomavirus infection enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexy. The main route of infection in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and household. Use of sick items, clothes, shoes, household items.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to a baby moving through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with diseased human skin.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is needed. In other patients it becomes active, relapse occurs. The causes of HPV in women are:
- Viral diseases;
- Early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- Frequent change of sexual partners;
- Immunosuppressive therapy;
- Unprotected sex;
- Taking long-term medications;
- Childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- Drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- Chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
- Weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. To rule out uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, it is necessary to detect the DNA virus in a timely manner and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with fetal infection. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at 7 months of age, when the baby's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
According to the degree of cancer risk, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are ruled out, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenic. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with permanent immunity. Under the influence of provoking factors it is possible to develop malignant tumors.
- Secondary oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops under the influence of provoking factors.
- Strongly oncogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is very oncogenic. The microbe invades the cells of the body, blocking the protection against cancer. Anus appears on the genitals, gray spots with a rough surface. Over time, warts, papillomas and warts form. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and groin.
HPV type 18 also integrates into cell DNA, reduces the activity of the immune system, creating favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancies. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The signs of infection depend on what strains the person is infected with. Initially, the HPV train does not experience discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. The following signs of HPV appear under the influence of provoking factors:
- Pain in the external genitalia;
- Burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- Skin neoplasms;
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
Papillomas and warts
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with 6, 11 types of viruses. The growths are fleshy, reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignant tumors, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is numerous, can be combined into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury to such an accumulation of thin legs.
Papillomas are caused by HPV type 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 activity. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, groin and mouth. Growths of dense consistency on the feet differ in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease is incurable. With strong immunity, such formations disappear without treatment, the risk of malignant tumors is minimal.
Warts
The following types of warts in women are distinguished by shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV type 1, 2.
- Fibrous. The nodes in the legs are located in the groin area, in the arms and under the mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Apartment (youth). Localized on the arms, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, grow by themselves disappear. Caused by 3, 5 types of virus.
Diagnosis
In order to accelerate the recovery of girls and women, you need to get tested and correctly determine the type of virus. In case of dangerous conditions, the woman is registered in the department of venereal diseases. Diagnosis is complex, includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor finds skin neoplasms, determines their size and localization.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. Use Lugol's acetic acid solution for research accuracy.
- Biopsy. Biomaterials are removed from the cervix to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is administered to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effects of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. A scraping of the cervix is done to detect tumor changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the inner lining of the cervix, and the vaginal fornix. It is dyed, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of testing is to identify atypical and cancer cells.
The stages of evaluation of the results are as follows:
- Lack of microbial flora;
- The initial stage of atypical cells;
- Abnormal structure of nuclei;
- Cells with irregular nuclei, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- High concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
A scraping of the vagina is done to identify the DNA sites characteristic of the papillomavirus. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Up to Lg 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is the capacitive amount of papillomavirus.
- From Lg 5 - High concentration of HPV.
Digen test
It is a hybrid clicking method that detects papillomavirus DNA sites. Screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects early stage HPV and susceptibility to oncology. The Digen test determines the concentration of the virus, often in conjunction with cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy covers the following areas:
- Excision of skin formations;
- Taking antiviral drugs;
- A course of immunostimulatory treatment.
Warts and papillomas are easily damaged due to their location on the body. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such formations are best removed surgically. Otherwise, there is an increased risk that skin lesions will soon become cancerous.
Medication
Medications are needed to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of medications for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local causative agents. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. This way you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antivirus. The composition of the drug contains an antiviral component, which when produced in the body produces anti-infective antibodies.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of formations. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. No scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. Tumors on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. Scars and scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Radiofrequency treatment. The method is painless, removes medium-sized formations, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, after a preliminary examination. Indications - Extensive soft tissue injuries, suspicion of oncology. The disadvantage is the scars.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine methods are used in the complex treatment scheme to eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside out in this way, but it is really possible to eliminate skin neoplasms in vain. Use the following health recipes to get rid of genital warts, warts and papillomas:
- Remove the new stem of celandine, rinse, apply to the affected skin. Perform the procedure 1 time a day until the wart dries and falls off by itself.
- Lubricate the warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the accumulation disappears.
- Squeeze the garlic juice, lubricate the pathology lesions. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the berries in half. Apply on the wart, fix with plaster. Performing the procedure before bedtime, positive dynamics are noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply on external formations 2-3 times a day until it falls off.
To rapidly eradicate the virus and strengthen the immune system, a complex treatment regimen can include therapeutic decoctions and infusions instead of tea. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties are as follows:
- Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. K. L. Chopped needles Needles 1 cup boiling water. Boil over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before eating (you can add honey).
- Sugar onion. Boil in boiling water for 10 minutes. Onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist on the broth, drain. Take 1 tsp orally. 5-6 times a day before meals (honey can be added).
Prevention
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take preventive measures in a timely manner. Medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate obscene sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during periods of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Control your medication intake.
- Live an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination can protect against only 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.